Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 076

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

Riverside Sports Club is now recruiting new members (1) ____ all ages and fitness levels.
We offer badminton, swimming and football sessions every weekend, run by (2) ____ qualified coaches.
New members receive a free welcome kit, (3) ____ includes a T-shirt and a water bottle.
Membership fees are reduced by 20% (4) ____ students who show a valid student card.
Anyone interested should sign (5) ____ at the front desk before 30 November.
For more information, please do not hesitate to get (6) ____ with our staff at riverside.club@email.com.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

The City History Museum is delighted to announce an exhibition (7) ____ over three hundred rare photographs from the past century.
The exhibition will remain (8) ____ from 1 December to 28 February.
Visitors are strongly advised to book tickets online, (9) ____ queues at the entrance are often long at weekends.
Admission is free for children (10) ____ twelve, and a small fee applies to adults.
Guided tours run every hour, but visitors may also (11) ____ the galleries on their own.
Photography is welcome, though flash photography is (12) ____ to protect the fragile prints.

Question 15. a. As a result, more households are switching to reusable bags and refillable bottles.
b. Plastic waste has become one of the most visible signs of environmental damage in cities.
c. However, real change will only happen if governments also limit single-use plastic production.
d. Every year, tourists and locals alike leave tonnes of plastic bottles and bags along the coastline.
e. Many local campaigns have therefore begun encouraging people to reduce, reuse and recycle.

Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen grew up in a small mountain village where the nearest hospital was almost a day's walk away. As a child, she often watched neighbours suffer from illnesses that could easily have been treated (18) ____. Many people in her village had never even met a qualified doctor, and some believed illness was simply bad luck rather than something medicine could cure. That experience convinced her to study medicine, even though her family could barely afford the tuition fees.

Word of her work slowly spread, and volunteers began arriving to help her build a proper clinic. Today, that small clinic serves thousands of patients every year and trains young doctors (21) ____. Last year, the local government finally recognised her contribution with a community health award, though she insists the real reward is watching her patients grow old and healthy. When she is asked why she never left, Yen simply says that a doctor's duty is to go (22) ____, not just where life is comfortable.

Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen grew up in a small mountain village where the nearest hospital was almost a day's walk away. As a child, she often watched neighbours suffer from illnesses that could easily have been treated (18) ____. Many people in her village had never even met a qualified doctor, and some believed illness was simply bad luck rather than something medicine could cure. That experience convinced her to study medicine, even though her family could barely afford the tuition fees.

Word of her work slowly spread, and volunteers began arriving to help her build a proper clinic. Today, that small clinic serves thousands of patients every year and trains young doctors (21) ____. Last year, the local government finally recognised her contribution with a community health award, though she insists the real reward is watching her patients grow old and healthy. When she is asked why she never left, Yen simply says that a doctor's duty is to go (22) ____, not just where life is comfortable.

Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen grew up in a small mountain village where the nearest hospital was almost a day's walk away. As a child, she often watched neighbours suffer from illnesses that could easily have been treated (18) ____. Many people in her village had never even met a qualified doctor, and some believed illness was simply bad luck rather than something medicine could cure. That experience convinced her to study medicine, even though her family could barely afford the tuition fees.

Word of her work slowly spread, and volunteers began arriving to help her build a proper clinic. Today, that small clinic serves thousands of patients every year and trains young doctors (21) ____. Last year, the local government finally recognised her contribution with a community health award, though she insists the real reward is watching her patients grow old and healthy. When she is asked why she never left, Yen simply says that a doctor's duty is to go (22) ____, not just where life is comfortable.

Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen grew up in a small mountain village where the nearest hospital was almost a day's walk away. As a child, she often watched neighbours suffer from illnesses that could easily have been treated (18) ____. Many people in her village had never even met a qualified doctor, and some believed illness was simply bad luck rather than something medicine could cure. That experience convinced her to study medicine, even though her family could barely afford the tuition fees.

Word of her work slowly spread, and volunteers began arriving to help her build a proper clinic. Today, that small clinic serves thousands of patients every year and trains young doctors (21) ____. Last year, the local government finally recognised her contribution with a community health award, though she insists the real reward is watching her patients grow old and healthy. When she is asked why she never left, Yen simply says that a doctor's duty is to go (22) ____, not just where life is comfortable.

Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen grew up in a small mountain village where the nearest hospital was almost a day's walk away. As a child, she often watched neighbours suffer from illnesses that could easily have been treated (18) ____. Many people in her village had never even met a qualified doctor, and some believed illness was simply bad luck rather than something medicine could cure. That experience convinced her to study medicine, even though her family could barely afford the tuition fees.

Word of her work slowly spread, and volunteers began arriving to help her build a proper clinic. Today, that small clinic serves thousands of patients every year and trains young doctors (21) ____. Last year, the local government finally recognised her contribution with a community health award, though she insists the real reward is watching her patients grow old and healthy. When she is asked why she never left, Yen simply says that a doctor's duty is to go (22) ____, not just where life is comfortable.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

A new study carried out across twenty hospitals in Europe has examined how robots are changing daily life on hospital wards. The research team collected data over an entire year, comparing hospitals that used robots with similar hospitals that did not. Researchers tracked robots that deliver medicine, carry laundry and transport samples between departments, tasks that used to take nurses away from patients for long stretches of the day. According to the report, hospitals that introduced delivery robots freed up an average of ninety minutes of nursing time per shift, time that staff could then spend directly with patients.

The study also highlighted robots designed to assist with more sensitive tasks, such as guiding visitors to the correct ward or helping elderly patients with simple exercises. Because these robots follow a fixed daily schedule and rarely make mistakes with directions, patients reported feeling less confused and less anxious during their stay. Nurses interviewed for the study said that although the robots could not replace human comfort, they reduced the small but constant interruptions that once ate away at their working day.

Not every finding was positive, however. Some staff worried that hospitals might use robots as an excuse to cut nursing staff rather than to support them, and a few patients said they still preferred to ask a real person for directions. The researchers stressed that robots worked best when they were treated as assistants to the nursing team, not as replacements for it, since human judgement remained essential whenever a patient's situation changed unexpectedly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.

Fast fashion, the business model built around cheap, trendy clothing produced and sold at extraordinary speed, has transformed how people around the world shop. Where a clothing collection once took months to design and manufacture, some retailers now release new styles every one to two weeks, encouraging shoppers to treat clothes as almost disposable. Global clothing production has roughly doubled since the early 2000s, even though the average garment is worn far fewer times before being thrown away.

[I] The environmental cost of this speed is difficult to ignore. [II] Textile production consumes enormous amounts of water, and the dyeing process alone is responsible for a significant share of global industrial water pollution. [III] Meanwhile, synthetic fibres such as polyester shed microplastics every time they are washed, and these tiny particles eventually make their way into rivers and oceans. [IV] Clothing that is discarded after only a few wears often ends up in landfills, where synthetic fabrics can take decades, sometimes centuries, to break down.

Behind the racks of cheap clothing lies a workforce that is often invisible to shoppers. Many garment workers, most of them women in South and Southeast Asia, work long shifts for wages that fall far below what is needed to cover basic living costs. Investigations into factory conditions have repeatedly uncovered unsafe buildings, forced overtime and limited access to safety equipment, problems that a handful of highly publicised factory disasters have failed to fully solve. Brands frequently promise to audit their suppliers, yet campaigners argue that audits are too infrequent, and too easily manipulated, to guarantee real change on the factory floor.

In response, a growing number of consumers, particularly younger shoppers, are turning to secondhand marketplaces, clothing swaps and rental services instead of buying new items outright. Several fashion brands have also begun offering repair services or take-back programmes that recycle old garments into new fabric. Critics point out, however, that these initiatives currently handle only a tiny fraction of the clothing produced each year, and that genuine progress will require slowing down production itself rather than simply managing its waste more cleverly.