Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 099

Question 15. a. As a result, sea levels are rising and threatening low-lying coastal cities.
b. Rising global temperatures are causing ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic to melt at an alarming rate.
c. Scientists warn that without urgent action, millions of people could be displaced within decades.
d. This process has accelerated sharply over the past thirty years because of rising greenhouse gas emissions.
e. Governments are therefore under increasing pressure to cut emissions and invest in coastal defences.

Question 17. a. Many hospitals now use AI systems to analyse medical scans faster and more accurately than before.
b. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied in healthcare to support doctors in diagnosis.
c. However, experts stress that these tools are meant to assist, not replace, human judgement.
d. This has helped doctors detect diseases such as cancer at earlier and more treatable stages.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

A nationwide survey has been tracking how Vietnamese consumers pay for everyday goods and services since 2019, and its latest report shows that cashless payments have now overtaken cash as the most common method. Researchers surveyed more than four thousand shoppers in cities and provincial towns and asked how they had paid for their most recent purchase. Nearly sixty percent said they had used a bank transfer app, an e-wallet or a QR code, compared with just over a third five years earlier.

The report links this shift to three main factors. First, smartphone ownership has spread rapidly even in rural areas, putting payment apps within reach of millions of new users. Second, banks and fintech companies have competed to offer free transfers and small rewards, which has made digital payment noticeably cheaper than carrying cash. Third, many small shops and street vendors, who once dealt only in notes and coins, now display a QR code beside the till because customers increasingly expect it.

Not everyone has benefited equally, however. Older shoppers and people in remote mountainous areas, where mobile signal is weak, told researchers that they still relied heavily on cash and often felt confused or anxious when a shop refused to accept it. The report's authors warn that unless banks and local authorities make a deliberate effort to support these groups, cashless payments risk leaving certain communities behind rather than making daily life easier for everyone.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.

The report identifies several forces driving this rapid growth. [I] Many young people leave rural provinces in search of higher wages and better educational opportunities in urban centres. [II] Government investment has also concentrated disproportionately in a handful of large cities, drawing both jobs and infrastructure away from smaller towns. [III] As a result, some capital cities have grown far faster than the transport and housing systems built to support them. [IV]

This uneven growth brings clear benefits alongside serious strains. Cities generate the bulk of national economic output, and dense urban populations make it cheaper to build schools, hospitals and public transport per person served than in scattered rural settlements. Yet in many fast-growing cities, informal settlements have expanded far more quickly than piped water, sewage systems and affordable housing, leaving large numbers of residents without secure access to basic services. Traffic congestion and air pollution have also worsened noticeably in several capitals over the past decade.

The report argues that the way a city grows matters as much as how fast it grows. Cities that expanded housing and transport networks alongside population growth, the authors note, have generally avoided the worst overcrowding, whereas cities that let informal settlements spread unplanned have struggled to retrofit basic services afterwards. The authors therefore call for earlier and more coordinated investment in infrastructure rather than reactive fixes once a neighbourhood is already densely built.

Looking ahead, the report recommends that national governments spread investment more evenly across secondary cities so that migration pressure does not fall so heavily on one or two capitals. It also urges city planners to secure land for future roads, parks and utility lines well before an area is built up, arguing that this single step would prevent many of the costliest problems documented in the report. Officials in several countries have already begun mapping these corridors, though the report notes that implementation still lags well behind the pace of urban growth.