Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 103

Question 16. a. However, the change was not easy at first because plastic-free products are often more expensive.
b. Many families in cities are now trying to cut down on single-use plastic at home.
c. Despite the extra cost, most people say the effort is worth it for the environment.
d. This simple habit has helped some households reduce their weekly rubbish by almost a third.
e. For example, they buy loose vegetables instead of pre-packaged ones and carry reusable bags to the market.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

A recent study by a group of tourism researchers has found a sharp rise in the number of travellers choosing remote islands as their holiday destinations. According to the report, bookings for small islands that were once visited mainly by fishermen and researchers have more than doubled since 2021. The researchers link this trend to two main forces: a growing desire among travellers for quiet, uncrowded places, and the influence of social media, where photos of untouched beaches attract millions of views.

The study looked closely at three island groups in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, where local communities have started offering homestays, boat tours, and simple guesthouses to welcome the new arrivals. In one island group, tourism income rose by nearly 40 percent in just two years, allowing several families to send their children to school on the mainland for the first time. Local leaders say that this sudden wave of visitors has brought opportunities that fishing alone could never have provided. For many households, tourism has become an important second source of income alongside traditional trades.

However, the researchers warn that this rapid growth also carries serious risks. Remote islands typically have fragile ecosystems, limited fresh water, and no proper systems for managing rubbish, so a sudden increase in visitors can quickly overwhelm them. Coral reefs near popular snorkelling spots have already shown signs of damage from anchors and sunscreen chemicals, and several islands have reported a noticeable rise in plastic waste washing up on their shores. The report notes that most of these islands still lack a clear plan for controlling visitor numbers or protecting local wildlife.

Despite these concerns, the researchers believe remote island tourism will keep growing over the next decade, since travellers keep searching for personal, untouched destinations. They argue that the islands' long-term appeal depends entirely on how carefully this growth is managed now. If local governments introduce visitor limits and proper waste systems early, the islands could enjoy steady income without losing the very qualities that make them attractive. If not, the researchers warn, some of these islands may lose their unspoiled character within a single generation.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.

[I] The turning point came in the early 2020s, when rising fuel prices and growing concern about air pollution pushed both consumers and manufacturers to look more seriously at electric options. [II] Domestic companies began investing heavily in battery technology and charging networks, while several cities piloted schemes offering discounts to residents who switched from petrol to electric models. [III] At the same time, falling battery costs made electric motorbikes more affordable for ordinary households, narrowing the price gap with traditional models. [IV] Within just a few years, electric motorbikes went from a rare sight to a common one on many city streets.

The shift has brought clear benefits. Studies conducted in several major cities show that neighbourhoods with a high number of electric motorbikes have measurably lower levels of exhaust-related air pollution than comparable areas still dominated by petrol vehicles. Riders themselves often mention lower running costs, since charging a battery costs considerably less than filling a fuel tank, as the main reason for switching. Delivery companies, in particular, have adopted electric fleets quickly, since the savings become significant when a driver covers long distances every day.

Even so, the transition has not been entirely smooth. Charging infrastructure remains uneven, with rural areas and older districts still lacking enough public charging points, which can leave riders anxious about running out of power far from home. Battery disposal is another growing concern, as used batteries contain chemicals that can harm soil and water if they are not recycled properly. Manufacturers and city authorities are now under pressure to build proper recycling systems before the first generation of batteries reaches the end of its life.