Làm thử Thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2026 · Tiếng Anh · Sở GD&ĐT Bắc Ninh · Mã đề 102

Question 1. Hi Gemma, a. I was quite surprised to learn that such a ordinary symbol could carry such a long and fascinating history. b. Long before email existed, people used the @ sign in trade and business writing to show prices and quantities, such as goods sold at a certain price per unit. c. This practical use is probably why Ray Tomlinson later chose it in 1971 to separate a user's name from the computer name in the first email system. d. I recently read an article about where the @ sign came from, and it immediately made me think of you. e. After learning about its history, I started to see the @ sign differently, and I think you might notice it more the next time you send an email. Write back soon, Billy

Question 2. a. Alex: That sounds worrying. How can using AI too much become a problem? b. Sue: I think many students are becoming increasingly dependent on AI tools such as ChatGPT for completing their homework and writing tasks. c. Alex: Why do you think students are becoming so dependent on these tools? d. Sue: If students rely too much on AI tools, they may stop thinking independently and lose essential skills such as creativity and critical thinking. e. Sue: Because many students find it easier and faster to use AI tools than to think through and develop their own ideas.

Question 3. a. The ancient Egyptians later divided the day into 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night, while the Babylonians used the same mathematical principle to create smaller units such as minutes and seconds for astronomy. b. France once attempted to replace the traditional 24-hour clock with a decimal system, but the reform quickly failed because people found it impractical in daily life. c. As these systems proved more practical than later reforms, the modern world still measures time using decisions made thousands of years ago. d. Long before modern clocks existed, the Sumerians had already developed a base-60 number system for trade, farming records, and land measurement because it made calculations easier. e. This suggests that timekeeping systems tend to survive when they are practical and closely connected to everyday life.

Question 4. a. Giving the body enough time to rest from food, such as through regular fasting periods, allows cells to repair more effectively. b. Choosing better eating habits not only supports physical health but also helps people age in a stronger and healthier way. c. Many people still consume too much processed food, sugary snacks, and large evening meals, which can speed up ageing and weaken the body over time. d. What we eat every day can have a major impact on how quickly our bodies age. e. Eating more whole grains, colourful vegetables, fruits, and foods rich in omega-3 such as fish can also improve both brain and heart health.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13. Extensive experience in mentoring diverse and talented individuals reveals that certain recurring traits consistently distinguish the most successful learners. Observation suggests that the most exceptional students demonstrate four core qualities. The first and most important is a genuine, deep, persistent curiosity that extends beyond the student's core area of study. Curiosity like this is really a love of learning and discovery, in a very broad sense, and it gives students the motivation to keep going even when the material gets difficult, which it always eventually does. This expansive kind of curiosity also helps students make nontrivial connections that can lead to novel insights and breakthroughs. The second is rigorous thinking, of the kind taught in a serious philosophy course. Students who can formulate their ideas as carefully reasoned arguments, from clearly stated premises to precisely argued conclusions, are not only more likely to understand what they're doing, identify hidden assumptions, make new discoveries, and avoid making mistakes, but are better at teaching and communicating their ideas to others.

The third is integrity. The best students are honorable. They hold themselves to high moral standards, do their work honestly, and earn the trust and respect of their peers and colleagues. These students don't cheat or take ethical shortcuts, especially the sorts of ethical shortcuts that don't seem like a big deal or that seem widespread. The fourth and last is knowing when what they've done is enough. It's easy for curious, rigorous, honorable students to go down rabbit holes or never manage to finish projects. It's difficult to develop a sense for when it's time to conclude a project and move on to the next one - but it's a crucial skill, and one well worth working on. (Adapted from: https://news.harvard.edu/)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

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Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

• TRAVEL WITH CONFIDENCE-STRESS-FREE JOURNEYS START HERE! Are you planning a journey that includes one or more flights? Save time and avoid unnecessary stress with Simple Trip, a smart travel companion (14) for today's travelers. Recommended by leading companies in the travel industry, this award-winning app allows you to check in online and stay fully (15) _ about weather conditions as well as any changes to departure and arrival times. As a result, you can plan your trip more efficiently and avoid last-minute surprises. Download Simple Trip from your app store directly onto your smartphone and get started in just a few minutes. The app guides you through setting up and personalizing your account based on your travel needs. With (16) _ -and multiple layers of encryption, your personal information is always protected. Skip long lines at the airport (17) _ checking in through the app and managing your trip with ease. You can also stay updated on the latest entry requirements at your destination. Moreover, the app provides timely notifications (18) _ miss an important update. Whether you are a frequent traveler or flying for the first time, Simple Trip (19) smoother and more enjoyable. Download Simple Trip today and take control of your travel experience with confidence. (Adapted from: TOEIC ETS actual tests 2025)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

• TRAVEL WITH CONFIDENCE-STRESS-FREE JOURNEYS START HERE! Are you planning a journey that includes one or more flights? Save time and avoid unnecessary stress with Simple Trip, a smart travel companion (14) for today's travelers. Recommended by leading companies in the travel industry, this award-winning app allows you to check in online and stay fully (15) _ about weather conditions as well as any changes to departure and arrival times. As a result, you can plan your trip more efficiently and avoid last-minute surprises. Download Simple Trip from your app store directly onto your smartphone and get started in just a few minutes. The app guides you through setting up and personalizing your account based on your travel needs. With (16) _ -and multiple layers of encryption, your personal information is always protected. Skip long lines at the airport (17) _ checking in through the app and managing your trip with ease. You can also stay updated on the latest entry requirements at your destination. Moreover, the app provides timely notifications (18) _ miss an important update. Whether you are a frequent traveler or flying for the first time, Simple Trip (19) smoother and more enjoyable. Download Simple Trip today and take control of your travel experience with confidence. (Adapted from: TOEIC ETS actual tests 2025)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

• TRAVEL WITH CONFIDENCE-STRESS-FREE JOURNEYS START HERE! Are you planning a journey that includes one or more flights? Save time and avoid unnecessary stress with Simple Trip, a smart travel companion (14) for today's travelers. Recommended by leading companies in the travel industry, this award-winning app allows you to check in online and stay fully (15) _ about weather conditions as well as any changes to departure and arrival times. As a result, you can plan your trip more efficiently and avoid last-minute surprises. Download Simple Trip from your app store directly onto your smartphone and get started in just a few minutes. The app guides you through setting up and personalizing your account based on your travel needs. With (16) _ -and multiple layers of encryption, your personal information is always protected. Skip long lines at the airport (17) _ checking in through the app and managing your trip with ease. You can also stay updated on the latest entry requirements at your destination. Moreover, the app provides timely notifications (18) _ miss an important update. Whether you are a frequent traveler or flying for the first time, Simple Trip (19) smoother and more enjoyable. Download Simple Trip today and take control of your travel experience with confidence. (Adapted from: TOEIC ETS actual tests 2025)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

• TRAVEL WITH CONFIDENCE-STRESS-FREE JOURNEYS START HERE! Are you planning a journey that includes one or more flights? Save time and avoid unnecessary stress with Simple Trip, a smart travel companion (14) for today's travelers. Recommended by leading companies in the travel industry, this award-winning app allows you to check in online and stay fully (15) _ about weather conditions as well as any changes to departure and arrival times. As a result, you can plan your trip more efficiently and avoid last-minute surprises. Download Simple Trip from your app store directly onto your smartphone and get started in just a few minutes. The app guides you through setting up and personalizing your account based on your travel needs. With (16) _ -and multiple layers of encryption, your personal information is always protected. Skip long lines at the airport (17) _ checking in through the app and managing your trip with ease. You can also stay updated on the latest entry requirements at your destination. Moreover, the app provides timely notifications (18) _ miss an important update. Whether you are a frequent traveler or flying for the first time, Simple Trip (19) smoother and more enjoyable. Download Simple Trip today and take control of your travel experience with confidence. (Adapted from: TOEIC ETS actual tests 2025)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.

• TRAVEL WITH CONFIDENCE-STRESS-FREE JOURNEYS START HERE! Are you planning a journey that includes one or more flights? Save time and avoid unnecessary stress with Simple Trip, a smart travel companion (14) for today's travelers. Recommended by leading companies in the travel industry, this award-winning app allows you to check in online and stay fully (15) _ about weather conditions as well as any changes to departure and arrival times. As a result, you can plan your trip more efficiently and avoid last-minute surprises. Download Simple Trip from your app store directly onto your smartphone and get started in just a few minutes. The app guides you through setting up and personalizing your account based on your travel needs. With (16) _ -and multiple layers of encryption, your personal information is always protected. Skip long lines at the airport (17) _ checking in through the app and managing your trip with ease. You can also stay updated on the latest entry requirements at your destination. Moreover, the app provides timely notifications (18) _ miss an important update. Whether you are a frequent traveler or flying for the first time, Simple Trip (19) smoother and more enjoyable. Download Simple Trip today and take control of your travel experience with confidence. (Adapted from: TOEIC ETS actual tests 2025)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following article and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25. Less stuff, more joy Many people assume that buying more things will make them happier. However, (20) influencers now promote a different way of living: owning less and appreciating what they already have. They argue that having fewer (21) _ can reduce stress, improve control over money, and create more free time for meaningful activities.

One practical suggestion is to borrow tools or household items from neighbours instead of buying things that are only used occasionally. (22) _ is to give handmade presents or shared experiences rather than expensive gifts. People are also encouraged to (23). social media, where constant comparison with others often leads to dissatisfaction. Adopting slower shopping habits can also be helpful. Before buying something new, consumers should pause and consider whether they genuinely need it. Repairing old clothes or electronic devices, (24) replacing them straight away, can save money and reduce waste. Spending time on hobbies, learning useful skills, or enjoying nature often brings greater and more lasting (25) than material goods. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. The study of social groups is a particularly interesting area of psychology, (26) .. Research has shown that people respond differently to group situations, depending on their personality traits and level of confidence. When placed in a group, some individuals tend to dominate discussions, naturally taking on leadership roles. (27) _ When working in groups, (28) _ -. This phenomenon, known as "social loafing," has been widely studied. One key explanation is that both responsibility and rewards are shared among group members, which can reduce individual accountability. As a result, some individuals may feel less pressure to contribute fully and become more willing to rely on the efforts of others. In contrast, when working independently, people must take full responsibility for their actions, (29) Furthermore, individuals in groups tend to adjust their opinions to align with those around them. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people may set aside their own beliefs and conform to the views of the majority rather than uphold their personal principles. This phenomenon, known as "conformity pressure," (30) _. For instance, someone in a group that strongly appreciates the theatre may hesitate to express a differing opinion for fear of being judged or excluded. (Adapted from: 70EFL Reading Comprehension)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. The study of social groups is a particularly interesting area of psychology, (26) .. Research has shown that people respond differently to group situations, depending on their personality traits and level of confidence. When placed in a group, some individuals tend to dominate discussions, naturally taking on leadership roles. (27) _ When working in groups, (28) _ -. This phenomenon, known as "social loafing," has been widely studied. One key explanation is that both responsibility and rewards are shared among group members, which can reduce individual accountability. As a result, some individuals may feel less pressure to contribute fully and become more willing to rely on the efforts of others. In contrast, when working independently, people must take full responsibility for their actions, (29) Furthermore, individuals in groups tend to adjust their opinions to align with those around them. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people may set aside their own beliefs and conform to the views of the majority rather than uphold their personal principles. This phenomenon, known as "conformity pressure," (30) _. For instance, someone in a group that strongly appreciates the theatre may hesitate to express a differing opinion for fear of being judged or excluded. (Adapted from: 70EFL Reading Comprehension)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. The study of social groups is a particularly interesting area of psychology, (26) .. Research has shown that people respond differently to group situations, depending on their personality traits and level of confidence. When placed in a group, some individuals tend to dominate discussions, naturally taking on leadership roles. (27) _ When working in groups, (28) _ -. This phenomenon, known as "social loafing," has been widely studied. One key explanation is that both responsibility and rewards are shared among group members, which can reduce individual accountability. As a result, some individuals may feel less pressure to contribute fully and become more willing to rely on the efforts of others. In contrast, when working independently, people must take full responsibility for their actions, (29) Furthermore, individuals in groups tend to adjust their opinions to align with those around them. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people may set aside their own beliefs and conform to the views of the majority rather than uphold their personal principles. This phenomenon, known as "conformity pressure," (30) _. For instance, someone in a group that strongly appreciates the theatre may hesitate to express a differing opinion for fear of being judged or excluded. (Adapted from: 70EFL Reading Comprehension)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. The study of social groups is a particularly interesting area of psychology, (26) .. Research has shown that people respond differently to group situations, depending on their personality traits and level of confidence. When placed in a group, some individuals tend to dominate discussions, naturally taking on leadership roles. (27) _ When working in groups, (28) _ -. This phenomenon, known as "social loafing," has been widely studied. One key explanation is that both responsibility and rewards are shared among group members, which can reduce individual accountability. As a result, some individuals may feel less pressure to contribute fully and become more willing to rely on the efforts of others. In contrast, when working independently, people must take full responsibility for their actions, (29) Furthermore, individuals in groups tend to adjust their opinions to align with those around them. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people may set aside their own beliefs and conform to the views of the majority rather than uphold their personal principles. This phenomenon, known as "conformity pressure," (30) _. For instance, someone in a group that strongly appreciates the theatre may hesitate to express a differing opinion for fear of being judged or excluded. (Adapted from: 70EFL Reading Comprehension)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. The study of social groups is a particularly interesting area of psychology, (26) .. Research has shown that people respond differently to group situations, depending on their personality traits and level of confidence. When placed in a group, some individuals tend to dominate discussions, naturally taking on leadership roles. (27) _ When working in groups, (28) _ -. This phenomenon, known as "social loafing," has been widely studied. One key explanation is that both responsibility and rewards are shared among group members, which can reduce individual accountability. As a result, some individuals may feel less pressure to contribute fully and become more willing to rely on the efforts of others. In contrast, when working independently, people must take full responsibility for their actions, (29) Furthermore, individuals in groups tend to adjust their opinions to align with those around them. Numerous studies have demonstrated that people may set aside their own beliefs and conform to the views of the majority rather than uphold their personal principles. This phenomenon, known as "conformity pressure," (30) _. For instance, someone in a group that strongly appreciates the theatre may hesitate to express a differing opinion for fear of being judged or excluded. (Adapted from: 70EFL Reading Comprehension)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Question 39. Where in paragraph 4 does the following sentence best fit?

Moreover, as green industries expand, the cost of renewable technologies continues to fall, making clean energy increasingly accessible.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. The Net Benefits of Net Zero: Beyond the Climate Crisis While the environmental necessity of transitioning to renewables is undeniable, the shift away from fossil fuels offers a wealth of advantages that extend far beyond carbon reduction. In the UK, decarbonizing the electricity grid has already proven to be a massive success, with emissions falling by over 50% since 1990. Beyond mitigating climate change and eliminating local pollution, this transition is fueling technological innovation, bolstering national resilience, and reshaping the economic landscape through high-value job creation. The green economy is currently the second fastest-growing sector globally, offering a unique opportunity to revitalize communities hit hardest by industrial decline. In the UK and US, these roles are frequently located outside major prosperous cities, bringing skilled employment to coastal towns and former industrial hubs. [I] With an estimated 300,000 more workers needed to overhaul the national grid, the sector is creating a vast supply chain of roles - from component manufacturing to the specialized maintenance of offshore wind farms. Economically, renewable energy promises a future of lower power costs and increased stability. Although the upfront capital requirements are significant, once operational, renewables provide energy that is immune to the volatility of global gas markets. This benefit ripples through the economy, supporting power-intensive industries. [II] A prime example is Iceland;

by leveraging abundant geothermal energy, the nation has become a major aluminum exporter despite having no domestic ore, proving that cheap, clean power can create a distinct competitive advantage in the global market. Furthermore, a decarbonized grid is a cornerstone of national security. For decades, many nations have remained vulnerable to price shocks and geopolitical instability due to a reliance on imported fossil fuels. The recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of energy dependence on aggressive or unstable neighbors. [III] By expanding domestic renewable capacity, countries can break this cycle of vulnerability, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and the freedom to act in their own sovereign interests. Ultimately, being at the forefront of green technology is essential in an increasingly competitive world. [IV] By leading in innovative grid technologies and decreasing reliance on imported fuels, nations can secure a more resilient and prosperous future, proving that the net benefits of net zero are as much about economic strength as they are about the planet. (Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/)

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?