Hinh thanh cau bi dong thi hien tai don
Muc tieu bai hoc
Sau bai hoc nay, em chuyen dung mot cau chu dong thi hien tai don sang cau bi dong (S + am/is/are + V3), chon dung dang am/is/are theo chu ngu moi va V3 dung, ke ca voi dong tu bat quy tac.
Kien thuc nen can co
Em da hoc thi hien tai don o the chu dong (S + V/V-s/es) va mot so dong tu bat quy tac quen thuoc (take-took-taken, give-gave-given, protect-protected...). Bai nay khong day lai thi hien tai don, ma day cach doi vai giua chu ngu va tan ngu de tao cau bi dong.
Cau hoi khoi dong
So sanh hai cau: "The law protects children" va "Children are protected by the law." Hai cau nay co cung mot su that khong? Ai/cai gi la chu ngu trong moi cau?
Cong thuc va ba buoc chuyen doi
Cong thuc cau bi dong thi hien tai don: S (tan ngu cu) + am/is/are + V3/V-ed (qua khu phan tu) + by + O (neu can neu ro nguoi/vat thuc hien). Ba buoc chuyen: dua tan ngu cua cau chu dong len lam chu ngu moi; chia am/is/are theo chu ngu moi, khong phai chu ngu cu; doi dong tu chinh sang dang qua khu phan tu - voi dong tu bat quy tac phai nho dung dang thu ba (take-taken, give-given), voi dong tu co quy tac chi can them -ed (protect-protected).
Hai bay pho bien: chon sai am/is/are vi chia theo chu ngu cu thay vi chu ngu moi, va dung nham qua khu don (V-ed) thay vi qua khu phan tu cho dong tu bat quy tac (viet took thay vi taken).
- 1
Cau chu dong: "The school gives every student a handbook of rules." Chuyen sang bi dong, chon "every student" lam chu ngu moi. Bay o day la chia is/are sai vi hoc sinh hay nham every student la so nhieu.
- 2
"Every student" la mot cum danh tu so it (every + danh tu so it), du nghe co ve dang noi den nhieu hoc sinh, van phai chia dong tu so it la, khong phai are.
- 3
(a) Every student is given a handbook of rules, (b) Every student are given a handbook of rules, (c) Every student is give a handbook of rules, (d) Every student was given a handbook of rules - loai (b) vi every + danh tu so it luon di voi dong tu so it is; loai (c) vi give chua chuyen sang qua khu phan tu; loai (d) vi was la thi qua khu, sai vi cau goc o thi hien tai don.
- 4
(a) Every student is given a handbook of rules.
- 5
Every + danh tu so it luon chia dong tu so it, du nghia noi ve nhieu nguoi; give co qua khu phan tu bat quy tac la given, khong phai gived.
- 1
Cau chu dong: "The law protects every child from harm." Bay o day la nham protect la dong tu bat quy tac trong khi thuc ra no co quy tac.
- 2
Protect la dong tu co quy tac - qua khu phan tu chi can them -ed: protected. Chu ngu moi "every child" so it nen chia is.
- 3
(a) Every child is protected from harm by the law, (b) Every child is protect from harm by the law, (c) Every child are protected from harm by the law, (d) Every child is protecting from harm by the law - loai (b) vi thieu -ed; loai (c) vi chia are sai vi every + danh tu so it; loai (d) vi dung V-ing, khong phai dang bi dong co ban.
- 4
(a) Every child is protected from harm by the law.
- 5
Khong phai moi dong tu deu bat quy tac - luon tra bang dong tu bat quy tac truoc khi doan; khi nghi ngo, them -ed la quy tac mac dinh.
- 1
"Teachers explain the school rules to new students at the beginning of the year." Co hai tan ngu co the dua len lam chu ngu bi dong: the school rules hoac new students. Bay o day la dat sai vi tri cua to sau khi chuyen doi.
- 2
Dua tan ngu truc tiep "the school rules" len la tu nhien nhat khi tan ngu do dung sau to + nguoi nhan: "The school rules are explained to new students at the beginning of the year" - nguoi nhan (new students) giu nguyen sau to, khong dao vi tri.
- 3(a) The school rules are explained to new students at the beginning of the year, (b) The school rules are explained new students to at the beginning of the year, (c) New students are explained the school rules to at the beginning of the year, (d) The school rule are explained to new students at the beginning of the year - loai (b) vi dat sai vi tri to; loai (c) vi cau truc nay khong tu nhien voi explain trong tieng Anh; loai (d) vi thieu s o rule, sai voi nghia so nhieu cua danh tu trong cau goc.
- 4
(a) The school rules are explained to new students at the beginning of the year.
- 5
Khi cau chu dong co dang V + O + to + nguoi nhan (explain, describe), tan ngu truc tiep thuong duoc chon lam chu ngu bi dong, va to + nguoi nhan giu nguyen vi tri.
Luyen tap co huong dan
Luyen tap doc lap
Bay hay gap nhat: chia am/is/are theo chu ngu cu (chu ngu cua cau chu dong) thay vi chu ngu moi vua dua len dau cau. Bay thu hai: nham qua khu don voi qua khu phan tu o dong tu bat quy tac - luon tra bang dong tu bat quy tac khi khong chac chan.
Tom tat
Cau bi dong thi hien tai don theo cong thuc S + am/is/are + V3/V-ed (+ by + O). Chu ngu moi la tan ngu cua cau chu dong; am/is/are luon chia theo chu ngu moi, khong phai chu ngu cu; dong tu bat quy tac phai dung dang thu ba, khong phai qua khu don.
Bai tiep theo chuyen tu hinh thuc sang cach dung: khi nao nen chon cau bi dong de mo ta mot quy dinh chung, va khi nao nen giu hay bo phan by + tac nhan.