Have to va don't have to — bat buoc va khong bat buoc
Muc tieu
Sau bai hoc nay, em dung dung have to/don't have to de noi ve nghia vu va su khong bat buoc, va quan trong nhat la phan biet chinh xac don't have to (khong bat buoc) voi mustn't (bi cam) — hai cum de nham lan nhat cua chu de nay.
Bai truoc em da hoc mustn't cho dieu bi cam. Have to da xuat hien tu Course 2 nhu mot cach khac de noi nghia vu, gan nghia voi must. Bai nay on nhanh have to roi tap trung vao dang phu dinh don't have to, boi vi day chinh la cum de bi hieu nham thanh 'bi cam' nhat.
Cau hoi khoi dong
Truong to chuc mot buoi don ve sinh khu vuc gan cong. Co giao noi: 'Students have to bring a broom, but you don't have to bring gloves — the school has enough for everyone.' Linh nghe xong lai hieu nham la khong duoc mang gang tay theo, giong nhu mot dieu bi cam. Ban ay da nham don't have to voi mustn't.
Have to cho nghia vu, don't have to cho su khong bat buoc
Have to dien dat mot nghia vu den tu ben ngoai — quy dinh, hoan canh, hoac nguoi khac yeu cau — va gan nghia voi must. Chu ngu ngoi thu ba so it dung has to: 'She has to wear a helmet on her bike.' Cac chu ngu con lai dung have to: 'Students have to bring their own broom.'
Diem quan trong nhat cua bai nay la don't have to. Cum nay khong he mang nghia cam doan; no co nghia la khong can thiet, lam hay khong lam cung duoc, tuy chon cua nguoi nghe. 'You don't have to bring gloves' nghia la em co the mang theo neu thich, nhung khong bat buoc phai mang. Dieu nay hoan toan khac voi mustn't, noi mot dieu bi cam tuyet doi.
So sanh truc tiep se giup em nho lau hon: 'You mustn't bring food into the library' — cam mang do an vao, lam la sai noi quy. 'You don't have to bring your own pen — the library has some for you' — khong bat buoc mang but, mang theo cung duoc ma khong mang cung khong sao. Cung mot cau truc phu dinh nhin thoang qua nhung hai y nghia doi lap hoan toan.
- 1
De bai: Truong quy dinh moi hoc sinh phai mac dong phuc vao thu Hai. Viet cau dung have to. Bay: chia sai dang has to/have to theo chu ngu, hoac quen chia has cho ngoi thu ba so it.
- 2
Chu ngu la students (so nhieu) nen dung have to, khong phai has to. Dong tu nguyen mau la wear a uniform.
- 3
(a) Students has to wear a uniform on Mondays — loai vi chu ngu so nhieu phai dung have to, khong dung has to. (b) Students have to wearing a uniform on Mondays — loai vi sau have to phai la V nguyen mau, khong phai V-ing. (c) Students have to wear a uniform on Mondays — dung. (d) Students have to wears a uniform on Mondays — loai vi V nguyen mau khong chia s.
- 4
Students have to wear a uniform on Mondays.
- 5
have to chia theo chu ngu: has to voi ngoi thu ba so it, have to voi cac chu ngu con lai. Bien the: doi Mondays thanh Fridays van giu nguyen cau truc.
- 1
De bai: Thu vien co du but cho hoc sinh muon, nen khong bat buoc phai mang but rieng. Viet cau dung don't have to. Bay: viet 'Students mustn't bring their own pen', nham don't have to thanh mustn't, doi han nghia sang bi cam.
- 2
Y goc la 'khong can thiet, mang theo cung duoc, khong mang cung duoc', dung dung don't have to + V nguyen mau, khong dung mustn't.
- 3
(a) Students mustn't bring their own pen — loai vi mustn't mang nghia bi cam mang but, sai han y goc. (b) Students don't have to bring their own pen — dung. (c) Students don't has to bring their own pen — loai vi don't luon di voi dong tu nguyen mau have, khong chia has. (d) Students haven't to bring their own pen — loai vi day khong phai cach tao phu dinh dung cua have to.
- 4
Students don't have to bring their own pen.
- 5
don't have to nghia la khong bat buoc, khong phai bi cam. Bien the: chu ngu ngoi thu ba so it dung doesn't have to — 'She doesn't have to bring her own pen.'
- 1
De bai: 'It is not necessary for visitors to buy a ticket on Sundays.' Viet lai bat dau bang 'Visitors', giu nguyen nghia, dung don't have to. Bay: dung mustn't vi thay tu 'not' trong cau goc ma khong doc ky nghia 'not necessary'.
- 2
'It is not necessary for O to V' mang nghia khong bat buoc, tuong duong don't have to, khong phai mustn't (mang nghia bi cam).
- 3(a) Visitors mustn't buy a ticket on Sundays — loai vi doi han nghia sang bi cam mua ve, trong khi cau goc chi noi khong bat buoc. (b) Visitors don't have to buy a ticket on Sundays — dung. (c) Visitors doesn't have to buy a ticket on Sundays — loai vi chu ngu visitors so nhieu, phai dung don't chu khong phai doesn't. (d) Visitors don't have to buying a ticket on Sundays — loai vi sau have to phai la V nguyen mau, khong phai V-ing.
- 4
Visitors don't have to buy a ticket on Sundays.
- 5
'It is not necessary for O to V' chuyen thanh O + don't/doesn't have to + V nguyen mau la dang bien doi cau rat hay gap trong de kiem tra.
Bay lon nhat cua bai nay la doc tu 'khong' trong tieng Viet roi chon nham mustn't. Ghi nho phep thu nhanh: neu cau tieng Anh mang nghia 'lam hay khong lam cung duoc, khong quan trong', dung don't have to; neu mang nghia 'tuyet doi khong duoc lam, se bi phat neu lam', dung mustn't. Hai cum khong bao gio thay the cho nhau.
Luyen tap co huong dan
Luyen tap doc lap
Kiem tra nhanh
Ghi nho
Have to gan nghia voi must khi noi ve nghia vu. Nhung don't have to hoan toan khac mustn't: khong bat buoc chu khong phai bi cam. Ghi nho: mustn't la cam, don't have to la tuy chon.
Bai tiep theo chuyen sang mot chu de moi trong cung noi dung Course 3: em se hoc there is/are va mao tu de mieu ta cac dich vu cong cong trong khu dan cu cua minh.