Mustn't — quy tac cam doan noi cong cong
Muc tieu
Sau bai hoc nay, em dung dung mustn't de noi ve dieu bi cam o noi cong cong, phan biet ro mustn't voi must ma em da hoc, va hieu vi sao mustn't khong don gian la 'khong phai lam' nhu nhieu ban van doan.
O Course 2, em da hoc must/have to cho nghia vu bat buoc va should/shouldn't cho loi khuyen. Bai nay dung lai must, nhung chuyen han sang mot boi canh moi: noi quy tai cac dich vu cong cong nhu thu vien, benh vien, cong vien. Nho lai must truoc se giup em thay ro vi sao mustn't lai dac biet den vay.
Cau hoi khoi dong
Nam lan dau den thu vien truong vao gio ra choi. Cau dinh vua doc sach vua an banh mi mang theo, roi goi to cho Hoa ngoi ban ben canh nghe thay co cuon truyen tranh moi. Ban thu thu lac dau ngay khi thay Nam mo tui banh. Vay thu vien cam nhung gi, va noi mot dieu bi cam sao cho dung ngu phap?
Must va mustn't: khong phai mot cap trai nghia binh thuong
Must dien dat mot nghia vu bat buoc — dieu ban buoc phai lam. Mustn't lai mang mot nghia hoan toan khac: dieu bi cam, tuyet doi khong duoc lam. Day khong phai la 'phu dinh cua nghia vu' theo cach hoc sinh hay doan, ma la mot y nghia rieng, manh hon shouldn't rat nhieu. Cau truc: S + mustn't + V nguyen mau, khong them do/don't vi must la dong tu khuyet thieu.
Cac quy dinh o dich vu cong cong thuong dung mustn't rat nhieu: 'You mustn't eat or drink in the reading room.' o thu vien, 'Visitors mustn't smoke in the hospital.' o benh vien, 'You mustn't pick the flowers in the park.' o cong vien. Ca ba cau deu chung mot cau truc va chung mot muc do nghiem khac: pham luat la bi nhac nho ngay lap tuc, khong co chuyen 'lam cung duoc, khong lam cung duoc'.
- 1
De bai: Viet mot cau noi quy thu vien noi rang hoc sinh khong duoc phep noi chuyen to trong phong doc, dung mustn't. Bay: nhieu ban viet 'Students don't must talk loudly', ghep nham don't voi must — must khong bao gio di cung do/don't vi day la dong tu khuyet thieu, khong phai dong tu thuong.
- 2
Phu dinh cua must la S + mustn't + V nguyen mau, khong them do/don't. Chu ngu la Students, dong tu nguyen mau can chon la talk loudly.
- 3
(a) Students don't must talk loudly in the reading room — loai vi must khong ket hop voi do. (b) Students mustn't talking loudly in the reading room — loai vi sau mustn't phai la V nguyen mau, khong phai V-ing. (c) Students mustn't talks loudly in the reading room — loai vi V nguyen mau khong chia s. (d) Students mustn't talk loudly in the reading room — dung.
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Students mustn't talk loudly in the reading room.
- 5
mustn't luon cong thang V nguyen mau, khong do, khong to, khong chia ngoi. Bien the gan: doi reading room thanh computer room van giu nguyen cau truc.
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Identify the error: Visitors (A) mustn't (B) to pick (C) the flowers (D) in the park.
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mustn't la dong tu khuyet thieu nen theo sau phai la V nguyen mau khong to; to o vi tri B la thua.
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Bo to, giu nguyen pick: Visitors mustn't pick the flowers in the park.
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Visitors mustn't pick the flowers in the park.
- 5
Bay quen thuoc nhat cua mustn't chinh la them to phia sau, y het bay cua should — luon kiem tra ngay sau mustn't co to hay khong.
- 1
De bai: Benh vien co hai quy dinh danh cho khach: (1) phai deo the ra vao, (2) khong duoc hut thuoc. Chon cap cau dung cho ca hai quy dinh. Bay: dung mustn't cho quy dinh (1) vi nham mustn't nghia la 'phai lam'.
- 2
Quy dinh (1) la bat buoc nen dung must; quy dinh (2) la cam nen dung mustn't. Hai quy dinh nghe gan giong nhau ve muc do nghiem ngat nhung mang chieu nghia hoan toan trai nguoc.
- 3(a) Visitors mustn't wear a badge. Visitors must smoke. — loai vi dao nguoc ca hai nghia. (b) Visitors must wear a badge. Visitors mustn't smoke. — dung. (c) Visitors should wear a badge. Visitors mustn't smoke. — loai vi quy dinh (1) la bat buoc, should chi la loi khuyen, nhe hon must nhieu. (d) Visitors must wear a badge. Visitors don't have to smoke. — loai vi don't have to nghia la khong bat buoc chu khong phai cam, sai han y cam hut thuoc.
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Visitors must wear a badge. Visitors mustn't smoke.
- 5
must va mustn't co the xuat hien trong cung mot ngu canh nhung mang hai chieu nghia trai nguoc han nhau: mot dieu bat buoc phai lam, mot dieu bi cam.
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De bai: Bien thu vien co ghi 'Visitors are not allowed to bring drinks inside.' Viet lai cau nay dung mustn't, giu nguyen nghia. Bay: dich sat tung chu, giu nguyen tu allowed va ghep sai voi mustn't.
- 2
'be not allowed to + V' va mustn't + V nguyen mau cung mang nghia bi cam; chuyen doi chi can bo cum be not allowed to, thay bang mustn't, giu nguyen dong tu nguyen mau.
- 3
(a) Visitors mustn't to bring drinks inside — loai vi thua to sau mustn't. (b) Visitors mustn't bring drinks inside — dung. (c) Visitors mustn't allowed to bring drinks inside — loai vi con giu sot lai allowed to, khong con la cau truc mustn't don gian. (d) Visitors are mustn't bring drinks inside — loai vi thua dong tu are truoc mustn't, mustn't da la dong tu khuyet thieu du day.
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Visitors mustn't bring drinks inside.
- 5
'be not allowed to V' va mustn't + V cung dien dat cam doan; khi chuyen doi, bo toan bo cum allowed to, chi giu lai V nguyen mau.
Nhieu ban nghi mustn't chi don gian la 'khong phai lam', y het don't have to. Thuc ra mustn't manh hon nhieu: no mang nghia bi cam, tuyet doi khong duoc lam, con don't have to lai mang mot nghia hoan toan khac — khong bat buoc, muon lam hay khong cung duoc. Bai tiep theo se tach ro hai cum nay.
Luyen tap co huong dan
Luyen tap doc lap
Kiem tra nhanh
Ghi nho
Mustn't khong phai la phu dinh don gian cua must — no mang nghia rieng: bi cam, tuyet doi khong duoc lam. Ghi nho ngan gon: mustn't cong thang V nguyen mau, khong do, khong to, khong chia ngoi.
Bai tiep theo em se hoc have to va dac biet la don't have to — mot cum de bi nham voi mustn't nhat, vi ca hai deu co 'khong' trong nghia tieng Viet nhung mang y hoan toan khac nhau.